俄羅斯禁止生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品 俄總理下令清查

　　Photo: EPA

　　這是來自俄羅斯之聲2-14的一則報(bào)道

　　原題：在俄羅斯禁止轉(zhuǎn)基因食品

　　【中文報(bào)道】俄羅斯農(nóng)業(yè)部長費(fèi)多羅夫聲明，我國一貫致力于禁止生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品。全世界科學(xué)家、生態(tài)學(xué)家和生產(chǎn)者之間關(guān)于這個(gè)問題的爭論由來已久。今天正是利用轉(zhuǎn)基因生物的問題妨礙著俄羅斯擴(kuò)大“純潔”農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)。

　　對(duì)此問題的爭議有兩個(gè)主要原因。一個(gè)是科學(xué)家們沒有足夠的理由證明轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的害處。另一個(gè)是生產(chǎn)集團(tuán)有巨大的力量，包括政治力量來推行這種工藝。大部分科學(xué)家都認(rèn)為還需要10-12年的時(shí)間來確定這種食品是否對(duì)人和環(huán)境有害。可是今天已知道轉(zhuǎn)基因?qū)θ说纳嬖谕{。

　　國際生態(tài)和食品種安全專家葉爾馬科娃說：“它們危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)槠渖a(chǎn)工藝還不完善。他們利用致病細(xì)菌和病毒進(jìn)行食品生產(chǎn)。科學(xué)家們利用動(dòng)物對(duì)這種產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)結(jié)果使人震驚。它們導(dǎo)致癌癥或肥胖。歐洲國家已作出結(jié)論：最正確的是全面禁止轉(zhuǎn)基因食品生產(chǎn)。”

　　今天俄羅斯是無轉(zhuǎn)基因糧食的最大生產(chǎn)國。今年我國能出口兩千萬頓糧食。可是，只有通過法律修正案后才能保障擴(kuò)大綠色食品生產(chǎn)并保障使其進(jìn)入世界市場。

　　“農(nóng)業(yè)展望”雜志主編雷先科說：“我們甚至還沒有確定什么是綠色食品法律。俄羅斯有保障全球綠色食品的潛力，因?yàn)槲覀兘股a(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品。”

　　但問題不取決于俄羅斯。實(shí)際情況令人擔(dān)心，幾乎世界上生產(chǎn)的所有大豆都是轉(zhuǎn)基因食品，1/5的玉米也是如此。

　　下面是俄羅斯之聲的英文報(bào)道：

　　俄羅斯之聲：俄國的立場很堅(jiān)定：食物中不允許有轉(zhuǎn)基因。

　　Russia is firm: no genetically modified organisms in food production, the head of Russia’s Ministry of Agriculture Nikolay Fyodorov stated at the All-Russian Meeting of Agrarians. GMO-foods controversies between scientists, ecologists and producers have a long history. Russia, which is now going organic, has faced these problems just recently.

　　俄國的立場很堅(jiān)定：食物中不允許有轉(zhuǎn)基因。俄國農(nóng)業(yè)部長費(fèi)奧多洛夫在全俄農(nóng)業(yè)會(huì)議上指出。對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的爭論，在科學(xué)家、生態(tài)學(xué)家、生產(chǎn)者中經(jīng)歷了很長的時(shí)間。俄國是種植有機(jī)農(nóng)作物的，僅在最近才面臨這個(gè)問題。

　　The battle is being waged by two camps: while scientists lack arguments and evidence that GMO is harmful, huge and powerful production corporation have resources and political links.

　　戰(zhàn)斗在兩方之間進(jìn)行。科學(xué)家手里沒有表明轉(zhuǎn)基因有害的足夠證據(jù)，但是強(qiáng)大的生產(chǎn)集團(tuán)握有實(shí)力和政治支持。

　　Scientists say they will need another couple of decades for a comprehensive research, but some threats are obvious already now, says Biology Professor and international expert on eco and food safety Dr. Irina Ermakova:

　　"These organisms are all dangerous because the very technology of their production is far from being perfect -– it features pathogenic bacteria and viruses. When scientists tested the aftermath of GMO-produce on animals, they were horrified with the results – cancer and obesity. So the best things would be to ban such foods at all, as European countries do".

　　科學(xué)家認(rèn)為做完整的實(shí)驗(yàn)至少需要幾十年時(shí)間，而有些危害現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)很清楚了。

　　葉爾馬科娃：這些生物體都是危險(xiǎn)物，因?yàn)橹圃焖鼈兊哪莻€(gè)技術(shù)是極端不成熟的… 它具有致病細(xì)菌和病毒的特點(diǎn)。當(dāng)科學(xué)家做轉(zhuǎn)基因效果的動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)的時(shí)候，他們對(duì)結(jié)果驚恐不已。癌腫，肥胖。最好的事情是立即全部禁止這種食品，就像歐洲國家所做的那樣。

　　Today Russia is one of the largest global manufacturers of GMO-free grain. This agricultural year, its grain exports can account for 20 million tons. Environmentally friendly production can become Russia’s qualitative advantage in the world market.

　　俄羅斯今天是全球最大的沒有轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物的大國之一【太謙虛啦，沒有之一】。本農(nóng)業(yè)年度俄國將能出口2000萬噸谷物。環(huán)境友好的優(yōu)質(zhì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品將成為俄羅斯在國際市場上的優(yōu)勢。

　　However, the share of such production is still insignificant, experts say, so it’s rather about the country’s agricultural potential. It can be used at full capacity after changes in the legislation, believes the editor-in-chief of the Agrarian Review magazine Konstantin Lysenko:

　　"We have no legislation which defines organic production. And potentially Russia can flood the planet with such foods, as GMO-farming is banned in the country. But the reality is that, practically, all soy cultivated in the world is genetically modified as well as some 20% of corn ".

　　Meanwhile the Russian government suggested to manage the use of GMOs cultures. Russia’s Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev ordered to probe if Russia has any such crops and compile a database of all imports. Then a legislative decision will follow.

　　當(dāng)然專家認(rèn)為這個(gè)數(shù)量是微不足道的，但這個(gè)國家的潛力由此可見。經(jīng)過立法調(diào)整后可挖掘更大的潛力，農(nóng)業(yè)評(píng)論雜志的主編：現(xiàn)在還沒有有機(jī)生產(chǎn)的立法。禁止了轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)業(yè)后，俄國有能力為全球提供好的食品。現(xiàn)實(shí)的情況是，所有的大豆、20%玉米都是轉(zhuǎn)基因的了。

　　同時(shí)俄國政府還提出，對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因生物的培育進(jìn)行控制。俄國總理梅德韋杰夫曾下令，清查所有的轉(zhuǎn)基因進(jìn)口并建造資料庫。然后即可據(jù)此進(jìn)行立法和決策了。

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