美國國防部與加拿大醫(yī)藥公司Tekmira達成1.4億美元的合同，進行埃博拉研究，包括對健康人注射與注入致命埃博拉病毒。美國國防部因而被列為“首次對人體進行的”埃博拉病毒臨床試驗的“合作者”（項目號NCT02041715），始于2014年1月。利比里亞科學家，利比里亞大學農業(yè)與森林學院任職的植物病理學教授布羅德里克博士挺身而出在利比里亞《每日觀察報》發(fā)文揭露：“美國政府在塞拉利昂操作一個‘病毒性出血熱生物恐怖主義研究’實驗室”；“西方，特別是美國，對西方爆發(fā)的埃博拉疫情負責”；“大多數(shù)病毒性或細菌性轉基因源于戰(zhàn)略上設計為生物武器。”《波士頓環(huán)球報》2010年發(fā)表韋爾斯利學院醫(yī)學歷史學家雷維拜教授文章，揭露1946到1948年期間，杜魯門總統(tǒng)領導下美國政府與危地馬拉總統(tǒng)及其衛(wèi)生官員合作，對5000名危地馬拉人做人體實驗，故意用梅毒性病感染了1300多人。此案62年后暴露，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)、希拉里國務卿不得不打電話向危地馬拉總統(tǒng)道歉。美國伊利諾斯大學法律學院博伊爾教授對奧巴馬政府在西非的行動質問：“奧巴馬政府為什么派遣對死亡中非洲人進行醫(yī)療沒有任何培訓的部隊到利比里亞去？1976年首次在扎伊爾發(fā)現(xiàn)的埃博拉病毒如何從3500公里以外跑到了西非”？
U.S. is Responsible for the Ebola Outbreak in West Africa:
Liberian Scientist
美國對西非埃博拉疫情暴發(fā)負責：利比里亞科學家揭露
轉載、翻譯者：陳一文([email protected])
《轉基因技術與人類安全》研究專家、80年代兩屆全國青聯(lián)委員
轉載自（加拿大）《全球研究》網(wǎng)站：
http://www.globalresearch.ca/a-liberian-scientist-claims-the-u-s-is-responsible-for-the-ebola-outbreak-in-west-africa/5408459
By Timothy Alexander Guzman Global Research,
作者：蒂莫西·亞歷山大·古斯曼 全球研究
October 17, 2014 Silent Crow News
2014年10月17日
圖1
A History of Guatemala’s Syphilis Experiment: How a U.S. Led Team Performed Human Experimentations in Central America
在危地馬拉進行的梅毒實驗歷史：美國領導的團隊如何在中美洲進行人體實驗
Dr. Cyril Broderick, A Liberian scientist and a former professor of Plant Pathology at the University of Liberia’s College of Agriculture and Forestry says the West, particularly the U.S. is responsible for the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Dr. Broderick claims the following in an exclusive article published in the Daily Observer based in Monrovia, Liberia. He wrote the following:
西里爾•布羅德里克博士，一位利比里亞科學家，利比里亞大學農業(yè)與森林學院任職的植物病理學教授，說西方，特別是美國，對西方爆發(fā)的埃博拉疫情負責。利比里亞首都蒙羅維亞《每日觀察報》獨家發(fā)表的文章中，布羅德里克博士提出這樣的指責，揭露如下：
The US Department of Defense (DoD) is funding Ebola trials on humans, trials which started just weeks before the Ebola outbreak in Guinea and Sierra Leone.
爆發(fā)前數(shù)周前在幾內亞與塞拉利昂開始的埃博拉病毒人體實驗的資金由美國國防部（DoD）提供。
The reports continue and state that the DoD gave a contract worth $140 million dollars to Tekmira, a Canadian pharmaceutical company, to conduct Ebola research.
報告進一步揭露：美國國防部與加拿大醫(yī)藥公司Tekmira達成1.4億美元的合同，來進行埃博拉研究。
This research work involved injecting and infusing healthy humans with the deadly Ebola virus. Hence, the DoD is listed as a collaborator in a “First in Human” Ebola clinical trial (NCT02041715, which started in January 2014 shortly before an Ebola epidemic was declared in West Africa in March.
這項研究工作包括對健康人注射與注入致命埃博拉病毒。美國國防部因而被列為“首次對人體進行的”埃博拉病毒臨床試驗的“合作者”（項目號NCT02041715，始于2014年1月，即2014年3月宣布西非埃博拉疫情前不久）。
Is it possible that the United States Department of Defense (DOD) and other Western countries are directly responsible for infecting Africans with the Ebola virus?
美國國防部與其他西方國家是否可能對非洲人感染埃博拉病毒負有直接負責？
Dr. Broderick claims that the U.S. government has a research laboratory located in a town called Kenema in Sierra Leone that studies what he calls “viral fever bioterrorism”, It is also the town where he acknowledges that is the “epicentre of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa.”
羅德里克博士聲稱，美國政府在塞拉利昂Kenema市有一個研究實驗室，他稱之為對“病毒發(fā)燒生物恐怖主義”進行研究。
Is it a fact? Is Dr. Broderick a conspiracy theorist?
這是否是事實？羅德里克博士是否是一位陰謀論者？
He says that “there is urgent need for affirmative action in protecting the less affluent of poorer countries, especially African citizens, whose countries are not as scientifically and industrially endowed as the United States and most Western countries, sources of most viral or bacterial GMOs that are strategically designed as biological weapons.”
羅德里克博士說，“有緊急需要采取反歧視行動，保護較窮困國家不太富裕的人，特別是是非洲民眾，這些國家不像美國與大部分西方國家科學和工業(yè)賦予的那樣發(fā)達，大多數(shù)病毒性或細菌性轉基因源于戰(zhàn)略上設計為生物武器。”
He also asks an important question when he says “It is most disturbing that the U. S. Government has been operating a viral hemorrhagic fever bioterrorism research laboratory in Sierra Leone. Are there others?”
羅德里克博士下述一段話還提出了一個重要的問題，“美國政府在塞拉利昂操作一個病毒性出血熱生物恐怖主義研究實驗室最為令人不安。還有其他的實驗室嗎？”
Well, Mr. Broderick’s claims seem to be true.
嗯，布羅德里克先生的說法似乎是真的。
After all, the U.S. government has been experimenting with deadly diseases on human beings for a long time, history tells us so.
美國政府終歸長期以來進行致命疾病人體實驗，歷史這樣告訴我們。
One example is Guatemala. Between 1946 and 1948, the United States government under President Harry S. Truman in collaboration with Guatemalan President Juan José Arévalo and his health officials deliberately infected more than 1500 soldiers, prostitutes, prisoners and even mental patients with syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and chancroid (a bacterial sexual infection) out of more than 5500 Guatemalan people who participated in the experiments.
一個例子是危地馬拉。1946到1948年期間，哈利·S·杜魯門總統(tǒng)領導下的美國政府與危地馬拉總統(tǒng)Juan José Arévalo及其衛(wèi)生官員合作，對參加實驗的5000危地馬拉人故意用梅毒與淋病和軟下疳（細菌性性感染）等其他性傳播疾病感染了1500多位軍人、妓女、囚犯以至精神病人。
The worst part of it is that none of the test subjects infected with the diseases ever gave informed consent.
該項實驗最壞的方面是受到感染的所有試驗對象都沒有安排知情同意。
The Boston Globe published the discovery made by Medical historian and professor at Wellesley College, Susan M. Reverby in 2010 called ‘Wellesley professor unearths a horror: Syphilis experiments in Guatemala.’ It stated how she came across her discovery:
《波士頓環(huán)球報》2010年發(fā)表了韋爾斯利學院醫(yī)學歷史學家蘇珊·M·雷維拜教授的文章《韋爾斯利學院教授挖掘出恐怖事件：在危地馬拉的梅毒實驗》，介紹了她如何接觸她的發(fā)現(xiàn)：
Picking through musty files in a Pennsylvania archive, a Wellesley College professor made a heart-stopping discovery: US government scientists in the 1940s deliberately infected hundreds of Guatemalans with syphilis and gonorrhea in experiments conducted without the subjects’ permission.
在賓西法尼亞檔案館閱覽一堆發(fā)霉文件時，這位韋爾斯利學院教授有了一項驚心動魄的發(fā)現(xiàn)：美國政府科學家在40年代在未獲得實驗對象同意情況下故意用梅毒和淋病病毒感染了數(shù)百危地馬拉人。
Medical historian Susan M. Reverby happened upon the documents four or five years ago while researching the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study and later shared her findings with US government officials.
醫(yī)學歷史學家蘇珊·M·雷維拜教授四年或者五年前研究臭名昭著的塔斯基吉梅毒研究時解除了這些文件，而后與美國政府官員分享了她的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
The unethical research was not publicly disclosed until yesterday, when President Obama and two Cabinet secretaries apologized to Guatemala’s government and people and pledged to never repeat the mistakes of the past — an era when it was not uncommon for doctors to experiment on patients without their consent.
這項不道德的研究到昨天（2014年10月16日），奧巴馬總統(tǒng)向危地馬拉政府與人民道歉并且承諾永遠不會重復過去的錯誤之前一直沒有向公眾公布--過去的那個時代不少醫(yī)生可能對患者做人體實驗而不事先取得他們的同意。
After Reverby’s discovery, the Obama administration apparently gave an apology to then-President Alvaro Colom according to the Boston Globe:
據(jù)《波士頓環(huán)球報》報道，雷維拜教授的發(fā)現(xiàn)以后，奧巴馬政府顯然給危地馬拉時任總統(tǒng)Alvaro Colom道歉：
Yesterday, Obama called President Álvaro Colom Caballeros of Guatemala to apologize, and Obama’s spokesman told reporters the experiment was “tragic, and the United States by all means apologizes to all those who were impacted by this.
昨天，奧巴馬給危地馬拉總統(tǒng)Álvaro Colom Caballeros打電話道歉，奧巴馬政府發(fā)言人告訴新聞記者，那項實驗是“一場悲劇，美國盡力向受到這種影響所有人道歉。”
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton had called Colom Thursday night to break the news to him. In her conversation with the Guatemalan president, Clinton expressed “her personal outrage and deep regret that such reprehensible research could occur,’’ said Arturo Valenzuela, assistant secretary of state for Western Hemisphere affairs.
國務卿希拉里·R·克林頓周四晚上打電話將這個消息告知Colom。與危地馬拉總統(tǒng)通話中，希拉里表達“她個人的憤怒并對應受譴責的研究曾經(jīng)發(fā)生深表遺憾,”國務院負責西半球事務助理國務卿Arturo Valenzuela說。
圖2
The study in Guatemala was led by John Cutler, a US health service physician who also took part in the controversial Tuskegee Syphilis experiments which began in the 1930’s.
危地馬拉的研究在約翰·卡特拉領導下進行，他是一位美國衛(wèi)生服務醫(yī)生，30年代也參加了有爭議的Tuskegee梅毒人體實驗。
Researchers wanted to study the effects of a group of antibiotics called penicillin on affected individuals. The prevention and treatment of syphilis and other venereal diseases were also included in the experimentation.
研究者要研究一組稱為盤尼西林的抗生素在受感染人士上的影響。該項實驗還包括對梅毒等性病的預防與治療。
Although they were treated with antibiotics, more than 83 people had died according to BBC news in 2011 following a statement issued by Dr Amy Gutmann, head of the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues:
受感染人士盡管用抗生素進行了治療，至少83位人士死亡，依據(jù)英國BBC對于生物倫理問題總統(tǒng)委員會負責人阿米·古特曼博士2011年發(fā)表的聲明的報道：
The Commission said some 5,500 Guatemalans were involved in all the research that took place between 1946 and 1948. Of these, some 1,300 were deliberately infected with syphilis, gonorrhoea or another sexually transmitted disease, chancroid. And of that group only about 700 received some sort of treatment. According to documents the commission had studied, at least 83 of the 5,500 subjects had died by the end of 1953.
生物倫理問題總統(tǒng)委員會說， 1946-1948年期間進行的人體試驗涉及大約5,500危地馬拉人。這些人中大約1,300人被故意感染梅毒、淋病或其他性傳播疾病軟性下疳。被故意受感染者中僅大約700人進行了某種治療。依據(jù)該委員會研究過的文件，到1953年底為止，5,500實驗對象中至少83人死掉了。
Washington’s reaction to the report is a farce.
華盛頓對該項報告的反應也是一場鬧劇。
The apology made to Guatemala’s government was for the sake of public relations.
對危地馬拉政府做的道歉為公共關系目的做出。
Washington knows about its human experimentations in the past with deadly diseases conducted by government-funded laboratories that are known to be harmful to the public. The U.S. government is guilty in conducting numerous medical experiments on people not only in Guatemala but in other countries and on its own territory.
華盛頓了解他們過去進行過的人體實驗，這些實驗由政府資助的實驗室用已知對公眾有害的致命疾病進行。美國政府對于不僅在危地馬拉，而且在其他國家以及美國境內進行過無數(shù)醫(yī)學人體實驗有罪。
As the Boston Globe report mentioned, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study occurred between 1932 and 1972 by the U.S. Public Health Service to study the “natural progression” of untreated syphilis in the African American population.
如《波士頓環(huán)球報》的報告提到的那樣，1932年與1972年之間發(fā)生的《塔斯基吉梅毒研究》由美國公共衛(wèi)生服務部門進行，研究未得到治療的梅毒在非洲裔美國人的“自然進展”。
The U.S. Public Health Service and the Tuskegee Institute collaborated in 1932 and enrolled 600 poor sharecroppers from Macon County, Alabama to study the syphilis infection.
1932年，美國公共衛(wèi)生服務部門與塔斯基吉研究所合作，注冊了阿拉巴馬州馬昆縣的600為佃農對梅毒感染進行研究。
However, it was documented that at least 400 of those had the disease (they were never informed that they actually had syphilis) while the remaining 200 did not.
然而，如文件揭示的那樣，實驗對象中至少400位人士被確認有這樣的疾病（但是他們從來沒有被告知他們實際上患梅毒），但是其他200位人士沒有患病。
They received free medical care, food and even free burial insurance for participating in the study.
他們接受免費醫(yī)療、食品以及甚至免費埋葬保險如果參與該項研究的話。
Documents revealed that they were told that they had “bad blood” which meant that they had various medical conditions besides syphilis.
文件揭示，他們被告知他們有“壞血”，意味著梅毒以外他們還患有不同的需要醫(yī)療的狀況。
The Tuskegee scientists continued to study the participants without treating their illnesses and they also withheld much-needed information from the participants about penicillin, which proved to be effective in treating Syphilis and other venereal diseases.
塔斯基吉研究所的科學家在不治療他們疾病條件下繼續(xù)研究這些參與者，他們還對這些參與者掩蓋不告知他們非常需要的有關盤尼西林的信息：盤尼西林對治療梅毒等其他性病已經(jīng)證實有效。
The test subjects were under the impression that they were receiving free health care from the U.S. government while they were deliberately being lied to by the same administrators who were conducting the tests. Washington is fully aware of its human experimentations with deadly diseases.
實驗對象的印象是他們正在得到美國政府的免費醫(yī)療，但是進行該項試驗的同一伙衛(wèi)生管理人員實際上故意欺騙他們。華盛頓完全了解他們用致命疾病進行的這些人體實驗。
The government of Guatemala also knew about the Syphilis experiments according to the Boston Globe:
據(jù)《波士頓環(huán)球報》報道，危地馬拉政府也了解進行的該項梅毒實驗:
A representative of the Guatemalan government said his nation will investigate, too — looking in part at the culpability of officials in that country. The records of the experiment suggest that Guatemalan government officials were fully aware of the tests, sanctioned them, and may have done so in exchange for stockpiles of penicillin.
危地馬拉政府的一位代表說，他們的國家對此也將進行調查 -- 看危地馬拉的官員有什么責任。該項實驗的文件記錄表明，危地馬拉政府官員充分了解該項試驗的情況，也批準了他們這樣做，可能為獲得一堆盤尼西林藥物。
However, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services published the study ‘Fact Sheet on the 1946-1948 U.S. Public Health Service Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Inoculation Study’ and was forced to admit what happened in Guatemala during the syphilis experiments:
然而，美國衛(wèi)生與人類服務部發(fā)表的《對于1946-1948年美國公共衛(wèi)生服務性傳播疾病（STD）接種研究》報告，被迫承認該項梅毒實驗期間在危地馬拉發(fā)生了什么：
While conducting historical research on the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis, Professor Susan Reverby of Wellesley College recently discovered the archived papers of the late Dr. John Cutler, a U.S. Public Health Service medical officer and a Tuskegee investigator.
對于塔斯基吉研究所對梅毒患者不治療的研究進行歷史性研究的過程中，韋爾斯利學院蘇珊·雷維拜教授最近發(fā)現(xiàn)了已經(jīng)去世的約翰卡特拉的檔案文件，他是一位美國衛(wèi)生服務醫(yī)生，塔斯基吉研究所梅毒人體實驗的一位調查者。
The papers described another unethical study supported by the U.S. government in which highly vulnerable populations in Guatemala were intentionally infected with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
這些檔案文件描述了美國政府的另外一項不道德的研究，其中危地馬拉高度脆弱的人群被故意感染性傳播疾病（STD）。
The study, conducted between 1946 and 1948, was done with the knowledge of Dr. Cutler’s superiors and was funded by a grant from the U.S. National Institutes of Health to the Pan American Sanitary Bureau (which became the Pan American Health Organization) to several Guatemalan government ministries. The study had never been published.
該項研究1946年到1948年期間在卡特拉博士上級知情情況下進行，獲得美國國家衛(wèi)生研究院給泛美衛(wèi)生局（后來成為泛美衛(wèi)生組織）再給危地馬拉幾個政府部的資金支持。該項研究從來沒有發(fā)表過。
The U.S. government admitted to its wrongdoing, 62 years too late.
美國政府承認自己的錯誤行為，但是62年后承認已經(jīng)太遲。
What Dr. Broderick wrote is not conspiratorial in any sense. The U.S. government has been involved in bioterrorism; Guatemala is a case in point. Dr. Broderick summarized what average people can do to prevent governments, especially those from the West from creating and exposing populations from diseases they experiment with in laboratories:
布羅德里克博士寫的文章在任何意義上都不是陰謀論。美國政府確實涉入生物恐怖主義；危地馬拉就是這樣的案例。布羅德里克博士描述了普通人能做什么來預防某些政府（特別是西方政府）創(chuàng)造條件讓他們國家人口接觸他們在實驗室中實驗的疾病。
The challenge is global, and we request assistance from everywhere, including China, Japan, Australia, India, Germany, Italy, and even kind-hearted people in the U.S., France, the U.K., Russia, Korea, Saudi Arabia, and anywhere else whose desire is to help.
這是全球性的挑戰(zhàn)，我們要求世界各地的人士協(xié)助，包括中國、日本、澳大利亞、印度、德國、意大利，以及美國、法國、英國、俄羅斯、韓國、沙特阿拉伯等所有地方愿意幫助的善心的人士給予協(xié)助。
The situation is bleaker than we on the outside can imagine, and we must provide assistance however we can. To ensure a future that has less of this kind of drama, it is important that we now demand that our leaders and governments be honest, transparent, fair, and productively engaged. They must answer to the people. Please stand up to stop Ebola testing and the spread of this dastardly disease.
實際情況比我們在外邊的人能夠想象的更為悲慘，我們必須提供我們能夠提供的協(xié)助。保證未來較少發(fā)生這種類型的悲劇，非常重要的是我們現(xiàn)在要求我們的領導人與政府能夠誠實、透明、公平與高效的參與。他們必須給人們做出回答。請挺身而出停止埃博拉病毒的實驗與傳播這樣的卑鄙的疾病。
After Guatemala’s ordeal with the U.S. government who deliberately infected people with syphilis, West African nations should be extremely skeptical about the U.S. government’s actions combating Ebola.
美國政府故意讓人民感染梅毒造成危地馬拉的災難揭露后，西非國家應當對美國政府抗擊埃博拉的行動極端質疑。
Professor Francis Boyle of the University of Illinois, College of Law questions the Obama administration’s actions in West Africa.
美國伊利諾斯大學法律學院弗朗西斯·博伊爾教授對奧巴馬政府在西非的行動提出質問。
RIA Novosti recently interviewed Boyle and he said the following:
俄羅斯新聞社最近采訪了博伊爾教授，他說：
US government agencies have a long history of carrying out allegedly defensive biological warfare research at labs in Liberia and Sierra Leone. This includes the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which is now the point agency for managing the Ebola spill-over into the US,” Prof. Francis Boyle said.
美國政府機構有在利比里亞與塞拉利昂的實驗室開展稱之為“防守性生物戰(zhàn)研究”很長的歷史。美國疾控中心（CDC）參與其中，這個機構現(xiàn)在是管理埃博拉病毒外泄傳播到美國的核心機構，弗朗西斯·博伊爾教授說。
Why has the Obama administration dispatched troops to Liberia when they have no training to provide medical treatment to dying Africans? How did Zaire/Ebola get to West Africa from about 3,500km away from where it was first identified in 1976?”
“奧巴馬政府為什么派遣對死亡中非洲人進行醫(yī)療沒有任何培訓的部隊到利比里亞去？1976年首次在扎伊爾發(fā)現(xiàn)的埃博拉病毒如何從3500公里以外跑到了西非”？
That’s a good question for Washington, but would the public get any answers? Not anytime soon, since it took more than 62 years for the Guatemala syphilis experiments to be exposed to the public, not by the US government, by a medical historian.
這是對華盛頓提出的一個很好的問題，但是公眾能否得到答案？肯定不會很快得到，因為在危地馬拉進行的梅毒實驗花了62年才暴露給公眾，而且不是由美國政府披露的，而由一位醫(yī)學史研究者揭露。
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